Azoospermia
Azoospermia means no sperm are seen in semen. It can result from blocked flow, hormone problems, genetic issues, or testicular causes.
Symptoms
Infertility and abnormal semen analysis are the primary findings. Some men have no other symptoms.
Causes and risk
Obstructive azoospermia (blocked ducts), non-obstructive causes (testicular failure, hormonal), prior infection, and genetic conditions.
How it is evaluated
Evaluation often includes repeat semen testing, hormone panel, genetic testing, and specialist referral for further assessment.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and fertility goals and may involve surgery, hormone therapy, or assisted reproduction.
When to seek care
Seek evaluation when semen analysis confirms the absence of sperm for fertility planning.