Orchitis
Orchitis is inflammation of one or both testicles. It can follow viral or bacterial infection and cause pain and swelling.
Symptoms
Testicular pain, swelling, warmth, and fever in some cases.
Causes and risk
Mumps is a classic viral cause. Bacterial causes are often linked to STIs or spread from adjacent epididymitis.
How it is evaluated
Evaluation rules out emergencies such as testicular torsion. Ultrasound and infection workup are typically performed.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause. Viral orchitis is managed supportively; bacterial orchitis requires antibiotics.
When to seek care
Seek urgent care for sudden severe testicular pain -- torsion must be ruled out immediately.