Gynecomastia
Gynecomastia is enlargement of breast tissue in males. It can result from hormone changes, medication effects, weight gain, liver disease, or other causes.
Symptoms
Enlarged breast tissue, tenderness, and cosmetic distress.
Causes and risk
Hormone imbalance (elevated estrogen relative to testosterone), obesity, medications such as spironolactone or antipsychotics, liver disease, and puberty.
How it is evaluated
Evaluation looks at medications, hormones, liver health, and weight trends. Imaging is sometimes used to rule out other causes.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and can include medication adjustment, hormone treatment, weight loss, or referral.
When to seek care
Seek care for rapid onset, tenderness, or hard or fixed breast tissue that needs further evaluation.