Male Infertility
Male infertility can relate to sperm count, sperm movement, hormone problems, heat exposure, medications, varicocele, or structural issues.
Symptoms
Trouble conceiving after regular unprotected sex, abnormal semen findings, and hormone symptoms in some cases.
Causes and risk
Varicocele, hormone disorders, genetic conditions, infection history, heat exposure, and medications including testosterone therapy.
How it is evaluated
Workup can include semen analysis, hormone testing, medical history, genetic testing when indicated, and referral when needed.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the cause and may include lifestyle changes, hormone therapy, varicocele treatment, and assisted reproduction.
When to seek care
Seek evaluation after 12 months of regular unprotected sex without pregnancy, or sooner if you have known risk factors.